On the criterion for differentiating the senses of now and time in Physics IV.13: A hermeneutic reading

Abstract

This paper investigates the criteria employed by Aristotle in Physics IV.13 to distinguish the primary sense of "now" (referred to as "now-bound") among the various secondary or derivative senses of "now," some of which are classified either as "time" or as "now." Considering all cases, it demonstrates that neither temporal distance nor the now-bound are sufficient criteria. The solution is outlined through the concept of number and its connection with the soul.